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Los Angeles adapted from a small pueblo city, El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciúncula, in the late 18th century to a burgeoning metropolis by the early 1900s. Immigrant clusters of communities formed geographic space into place, within the social boundaries Anglo-Americans, created. My historiography focuses on how transnationalism and globalization shaped and confined urban culture geographies in the 19th century, Los Angeles. Thematically, my sources share arguments that border-making processes have defined 19th century Los Angeles social geography.
Utilizing the legal history perspective of The History of Los Angeles: As Seen from the City Attorney’s Office provides consistent issues that concern all of my sources: housing, land, water, transportation, immigration, and integration of the newcomer. Erika Lee’s book At America’s Gates: Chinese Immigration During the Exclusion Action 1882-1943, asserts that the United States ceased being a nation of welcoming immigration and integration without restrictive borders. Its policy of becoming a ‘gate-keeping’ nation with an active federal control set the standards of race and class. This new policy shift affected immigrant patterns, communities, and racial identities and led to America’s exclusionary culture. Los Angeles culture becomes affected by 18th-century European colonization ideologies and its 19th-century expansion and area migration of immigrants. The culture mixture and clashes of perceived identity and community are formed by American’s industrialization and desire for globalizing dominance.
In Williams Estrada’s article Los Angeles’ Old Plaza and Olvera Street: Imagined and Contested Spaces and Phoebe S. Kropp’s book California Vieja reconcile Los Angeles’s cultural Spanish past through investment of cultural memory through the creation of built environment. In an ambitious attempt to create Southern California a geographical space of work, live and play, and desire to honor local history, they focus on the romanticized memory of Olvera Street. Anglos’ primary vision to desire yet disdain non-Anglo culture is a consistent strategy found in the 19th century and 20th century. The incorporation of constructed places becomes a place of political struggle and reconciliation. Historical areas like China City, now Chinatown, and Senoratown, now Olvera Street are created out of space for Anglo-American’s consumption of traditional culture. On the other side, it forces the excluded to create personal ecologies within these jarred landscapes in Los Angeles. Forming ethnic enclaves into the physical landscape is a theme throughout all of the works when building the industry in the Los Angeles area. The public practices of social distinction are organizing culture through Anglo-American cultures and traditions a reader can gain a sense of how Los Angeles creates these boundaries.