Primary Source Bibliography


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Department of Commerce. Bureau of Public Roads. Phoenix Division Office. Lees Ferry Bridge or Marble Canyon Bridge. Phoenix: National Park Road Project Records, 1949-67.

The making of roads does two things to national parks and visitor experience. First, they alter the landscape. They create divides in the landscape. Second, the creation of roads designate where most of the visitors will go, and therefore view the park.

Gramann, James H. “Trends in Demographics and Information technology Affecting Visitor Center Use: Focus Group Report.” Report to National Park Service Social Science Program, 2003.

This source shows how the National Parks Service actively looks at the visitor experience. The purpose was to help the NPS plan visitor centers and other related projects. Visitor centers are a key part to visitor experience, most of them enter through these places to gather information about the parks.

Tuler, Seth & Dominic Golding. “A Comprehensive Study of Visitor Safety in the National Park System: Final Report.” Prepared for the National Park Service, 2002.

This report is a systematic analysis of visitor safety. How can the safety of the visitor better contribute to their experience and perception of the parks. How can the parks protect people and create a safer wilderness.

Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Carlsbad Caverns National Park. “Postcard of Carlsbad Caverns National Park.” 1934.

This image is an example of how the national parks portray themselves through photography. The Ansel Adams images do this as well by highlighting the “main attractions” of the park. This in turn alters how the visitor sees the park. By highlighting the positive, they inadvertently cover the negative. They also create monuments which visitors associate an identity of the park.