Defining the “Gilded Age”


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Although I like what the small amount of Urban History that I’ve studied, I think James Connolly has the weakest argument from the three readings. I didn’t see anything more than theories until he finally used the example of the role of the Irish-Catholics in the twin cities and how they affected the history of the two cities differently. I also come from the predisposition that Urban History tends to study more effect than cause.

Both Edwards and Schneirov, I believe, have stronger arguments than Connolly. I like that Schneirov combines the social, political, and capital effects on the history of the time, and I think he properly addresses areas of cause and affect that are essential to studying the time period, and he states that his opinion on what the period encompasses is just that, an opinion. I especially like how he emphasizes the importance of capitalism during this time; neither of the other two talk in as great of detail about it as he does. Unlike ajpignone, the jury is still out for me on whether or not Edwards ideas of including the Gilded Age with the Progressive Era. I will definitely have to research further on this specific argument to make my decision, but I think that she has a very strong argument. She gives multiple examples of progression during the Gilded Age. My predisposition to the time period is that it should be distinct from the Progressive Era, so the strength or weakness of the argument does not correlate with how I originally felt on the subject, unlike how I felt about Connolly’s essay.

The Multifaceted Impact of Disasters


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Hewitt describes the study of disasters and their impact as truly interdisciplinary. He takes the geographical point of view because he is a geographer, and he looks at disasters in a very scientific manner. Bergman, on the other hand, looks at disasters in a social aspect. Disasters have profound scientific and social implications, so looking at the subject from either style of study is completely valid. Bergman says the the disciplines that focus on natural disasters include “geography, anthropology, ecology, meteorology, psychology, sociology, and, more recently, history” (Bergman, Disaster: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis, 935). This claim properly explains the interdisciplinary nature of the study of disasters. The impact of disasters go beyond one or even two related fields.

Because people examine disasters from these many different fields of study, the definition of a disaster is hard to realize. I think it is easier to look at disasters at a case by case basis because not every disaster encompasses all of the aforementioned disciplines. Taking one disaster and using the disciplines it encompasses is easier than trying to define disaster in order to satisfy all of them. A meteorologist can learn more about the impacts of a hurricane as a disaster when s/he sees the ecological impact; a historian can learn more about the impacts of the same disaster when s/he sees the sociological impact. It’s practically impossible to know all of the causes and effects of disasters, but we can gain more understanding about each one by looking at it from many different points of view.