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Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the formation of Atlantic cities in otherwise rural areas can be attributed to similar factors. In the case of the Yoruba in the Bight of Benin, the ramped up Atlantic slave trade caused people of similar culture to seek inland refuge from European raiders. Because the coast became too dangerous, like-minded peoples, sharing a common enemy, gathered around a central ruling figure further in the interior leading to the creation of an urban environment. More specifically, common language, myths of origin, and shared religious and cultural practices became the center of new urban developments. (Adelusi-Adeluyi, 1) Additionally, intra-tribal warfare exposed masses of refugees in search of safe-havens, far from violence. Again, shared interests provided opportunity for city development in West Africa.
Different motivations based around Atlantic commodities in South America provided the template for the Bolivian city of Potosi. The silver mines brought thousands to the high desert for varying reasons. Economic profit, employment opportunity, forced labor, and slavery all led to the rise in population and the development of a metropolitan environment. By the time the demand for South American silver reached a fever pitch, the population of Potosi rivaled that of London, England. The mix of culture, language, and religion encircling a central theme is what gave Potosi its identity as an Atlantic city.
In closing, I find myself disagreeing with Matt’s interpretation of the Atlantic city. Yoruba settlements and “treasure hunters” fall far short of defining the composition of an Atlantic City. Potosi was created because of the silver mines, yes. However, varying Atlantic cultures converged in Bolivia for many different reasons, some of which are mentioned above. Commodities and Atlantic trade opened the door to Africa causing the widespread subjugation of a race. Out of fear, differing African cultures combined with one another centering around shared themes of emotion and belief. These are but a few of my reasons.