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In the Roediger article, the theme of the article was revolving around the notion of how immigration is seen. The idea of class is also brought in with having immigration and racism in the center of it. Another theme of the article is who is white. Some of the immigrants were later considered white due to being fair skinned. I big theme or idea is that all immigrants learned the very disrespectful word to call an African American when they first arrived in the United States. People from the start were being taught to dislike African Americans and any dark skin immigrant.

The Coates article is something of an insight of what African Americans experienced in Chicago.  What was interesting in this one was how Clyde Ross explained his personal hardships in the South. How his family was free but not. They were still in some kind of slavery but legal due to not fully being able to own the thing they had. Clyde Ross also goes on to explain how the draft wanted him not in the war but he refused and went anyway. Later he would find a way to live in Chicago but there was a catch. The house he bought was not bought through a bank. Coates then states that during this time, many African Americans were not able to get mortgages and had to buy from a person who set up a contract who bought the house cheaper and up sold it. Coates explains this has been a problem in Chicago and how many people were cheated out of their money. In zhoeffken post on Marx,  zhoeffken writing relates to what was happening to African-Americans in Chicago. This relationship is that people were making money or capital off of people who in the lower class, and during this time people needed to find ways to be able to live out their dreams and some were willing to make money off of that need.